Afghanistan

Baroness Kinnock of Holyhead: To ask Her Majesty's Government what is their response to the recent World Bank report on Afghanistan which predicts that $7 billion per year will be required from foreign donors including the United Kingdom, and that most of these resources will be spent on security and infrastructure maintenance.

Baroness Northover: The World Bank's report on transition in Afghanistan projects a budget shortfall of 25 per cent of GDP by 2021-22 ($7.2 billion in 2011 prices). This shortfall includes both security and development costs. At the Bonn conference on Afghanistan in December, the international community, including the UK, agreed in principle to provide long-term financial support, in line with the Government of Afghanistan's priorities. Plans for the long-term financing of both security and development will be discussed by the international community at the Chicago and Tokyo conferences planned for later this year. In parallel, the UK will continue to support the efforts of the Afghan Government to increase tax revenue and economic growth, to reduce its dependence on aid.

Agriculture and Food

Lord Boateng: To ask Her Majesty's Government what is their assessment of the potential of the agricultural industry in the United Kingdom to contribute to the promotion of food security and economic growth in the developing countries of the Commonwealth.

Baroness Northover: The coalition Government recognise the important role the private sector plays in promoting economic growth and poverty reduction. In 2011, the Department for International Development (DfID) set out its increased commitment to working closely with private enterprise in its paper, The Engine of Development: the Private Sector and Prosperity for Poor People. The new DfID Private Sector Department established in 2011 includes a business engagement hub that provides practical support to UK enterprises in order to catalyse their contribution to development.
	The agricultural industry in the UK has the potential to contribute to food security and economic growth in developing countries of the Commonwealth and beyond, by sharing relevant technology and expertise and by investing in agricultural businesses and supply chains that benefit smallholder farmers. Two DfID challenge funds actively support such linkages: DfID is a founding member and significant supporter of the Africa Enterprise Challenge Fund, which offers grants to private enterprises to support new and innovative business models in Africa; the Food Retail Industry Challenge Fund, which has been running for three years, supports innovative business partnerships between African farmers and UK and European enterprises.

Arts: Funding

Baroness Jones of Whitchurch: To ask Her Majesty's Government, further to the Written Answer by Baroness Rawlings on 12 December (WA 206), what were the action points agreed at any meetings in the last 12 months between the Minister for Culture, Communications and Creative Industries and the Local Government Association to address the impact of spending cuts on locally funded arts activities.

Baroness Rawlings: The Minister for Culture, Communications and Creative Industries holds meetings every three months with Councillor Chris White of the Local Government Association to discuss a range of subjects including arts activities. The Minister wants to empower local communities and local authorities to make the decisions that are most appropriate for their area at arm's length from Government.

Dyslexia

Lord Laird: To ask Her Majesty's Government whether the level of support provided by the educational system for those with dyslexia, and the level of understanding of dyslexia in the educational system, is constant throughout England; and, if not, what action they propose to ensure consistency.

Lord Hill of Oareford: Support provided for pupils with special educational needs (SEN) including dyslexia is subject to clear statutory requirements on schools and local authorities. In fulfilling these, schools and local authorities must have regard to the SEN Code of Practice: http://media.education.gov.uk/assets/files/pdf/s/sen%20code%20of%20practice.pdf.
	Ministers announced in the SEN and disability Green Paper, Support and Aspiration: ANew Approach to Special Educational Needs and Disability, that the statutory guidance would be simplified and improved. It will also reflect any changes introduced through the Green Paper reforms.
	In addition, we are supporting workforce development, including an online module on dyslexia to be available as part of initial teacher training, emphasising the importance of meeting the needs of all pupils including those with SEN as part of the standards for qualified teacher status, funding 9,000 special educational needs co-ordinators to complete the higher level SENCO award by the end of 2011-12 and introducing a greater focus on the teaching of systematic synthetic phonics, which has been shown to be effective in supporting dyslexic pupils to read. In addition, 3,200 teachers have been supported to take specialist dyslexia training courses approved by the British Dyslexia Association in 2009-11.
	It is important, however, that local authorities and schools are also able to adapt the support provided to local needs and to the needs of individual pupils. There is not, therefore, a standardised approach across every local area.

Environment: Contaminated Land

Lord Kennedy of Southwark: To ask Her Majesty's Government what was the variation agreed in the contaminated land remediation project.

Lord Taylor of Holbeach: The variation in the contaminated land remediation project consisted of an additional cost of £1,600 in financial year 2010-11. The reason for the variation was to undertake revision of the draft final report to take account of revised assessment criteria.

Gaza

Baroness Tonge: To ask Her Majesty's Government what representations they have made to the Government of Israel concerning the shortage of medicines in Gaza, and in particular the lack of dialysis filters.

Baroness Northover: The UK is at the forefront of the international effort pushing for the easing of movement and access restrictions for Gaza, and regularly raises these issues with Israeli Ministers, senior officials and the Israeli Defence Forces. We have made frequent representations on access to medical supplies in Gaza and will continue to monitor the situation. We have not made representations on the specific issue of dialysis filters.
	The UK supports healthcare in Gaza through our financial assistance to the Palestinian Authority (PA) and the UN Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA). The PA provides healthcare services to non-refugees and hospital care for all Gazans. UNRWA provides primary healthcare to the 70 per cent of the population in Gaza who are refugees. We also support the UN Access Co-ordination Unit to work with the World Health Organisation, Israel, the Palestinian Authority and aid agencies to facilitate the transfer of medical equipment and supplies into Gaza.

Immigration

Lord Berkeley: To ask Her Majesty's Government why, in the light of their commitment to reducing the costs of the UK Border Agency, incoming passengers on the Eurostar have recently been subject to immigration checks both in Paris and in London.

Lord Henley: UK Border Agency officers operating in Paris-Gare du Nord carry out immigration controls on all passengers travelling to St Pancras. Full immigration checks are not routinely carried out on these passengers upon arrival at St Pancras. However targeted checks based on intelligence may sometimes be carried out. The UK Border Agency does not have juxtaposed controls at Paris-Marne-la-Vallee. All passengers travelling from this station are therefore subject to immigration checks at St Pancras International.

Immigration

Lord Marlesford: To ask Her Majesty's Government whether they will install closed-circuit television cameras at each immigration desk to record the entry of all visitors into the United Kingdom.

Lord Henley: There are currently no plans to introduce closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras at all immigration desks.

Justice: Legal Complaints

Baroness Hooper: To ask Her Majesty's Government whether a consumer claiming fraud and dishonesty on the part of legal practitioners during court proceedings should direct himself to the Law Society, the High Court, the Legal Services Ombudsman, the Solicitors' Complaints Tribunal, the Legal Complaints Service, the Attorney General's Office, the Independent Complaints Resolution Service, the Ministry of Justice or the Solicitors Regulation Authority.

Lord McNally: The arrangements for the handling of legal services complaints were reformed with the establishment in 2009 of the Office for Legal Complaints (OLC), under the provisions of the Legal Services Act 2007. The OLC administers the Legal Ombudsman scheme-a single independent service which, since October 2010, has handled consumer complaints in respect of legal services provided by persons authorised under the 2007 Act. This includes services provided in the context of court proceedings.
	If consumers are unhappy with the way in which their complaint has been dealt with by their legal services provider, they can refer the matter to the Legal Ombudsman. The Legal Ombudsman may investigate issues relating to poor service, and will refer any conduct issues (which could include issues relating to fraud and dishonesty) to the relevant approved regulator-for example, the Bar Standards Board for allegations about a barrister; or the Solicitors Regulation Authority (SRA) for issues relating to a solicitor. Following investigation, the approved regulator may take disciplinary action as appropriate.
	As fraud is a criminal offence, it may also be appropriate for the consumer to report allegations of such activity to the police who, if they consider that there is a case to answer following investigation, may refer the matter to the Crown Prosecution Service.

Music: Youth Orchestras

Lord Kennedy of Southwark: To ask Her Majesty's Government what support they have given to youth orchestras, bands and choirs that cover all or part of the Greater London area.

Baroness Rawlings: Arts Council England is committed to supporting young people's access to music, and encourages their supported organisations in London to provide opportunities for young people. Examples of this include the London Symphony Orchestra bringing together young people from the East London boroughs to experience their work and the Barbican establishing a youth orchestra for young Londoners. The London Philharmonic Orchestra has provided a wide range of opportunities for children and young people in London, from attending orchestral concerts to working alongside the professional players in workshops and ongoing rehearsal opportunities with musicians in ensembles run by the orchestra.
	Arts Council England also contributes to the National Youth Music Organisation which, alongside funding from the Department for Education's Music and Dance scheme, supports a national portfolio of youth orchestras, bands and choirs. These organisations offer the most talented young people from across the country, including London, advanced training and ensemble performance opportunities. The fund supports outstanding opportunities for development, learning and progression into education and professional music-making for young musicians, regardless of their financial circumstances.

Overseas Aid

The Lord Bishop of Derby: To ask Her Majesty's Government what plans they have to enshrine in law the commitment in the coalition agreement to spend 0.7 per cent of gross national income on overseas development assistance by 2013 and in every year thereafter.

Baroness Northover: As stated in the coalition agreement, this Government are fully committed to enshrining in law the target of spending 0.7 per cent of gross national income from 2013 as official development assistance. We intend to bring forward legislation to this effect as soon as parliamentary time allows.

Royal Family: Royal Titles

Lord Lexden: To ask Her Majesty's Government whether they propose to enable all first-born children of princes of the Blood Royal and of other members of the Royal Family to inherit their fathers' titles.

Lord McNally: The Government have no current plans to change the laws of succession with regard to hereditary peerages. Changes to the law on succession to the throne can be effected without any change to the legitimate expectations of those in the line of succession. Changes to the rules governing succession to hereditary titles would be far more complicated to implement fairly.

Schools: Academies

Lord Lexden: To ask Her Majesty's Government how many independent schools are involved in their academies programme; and how many new school places have been created in the maintained sector as a result.

Lord Hill of Oareford: There are currently 30 independent schools actively involved in the academies programme working with existing underperforming schools to deliver rapid and sustainable transformation. This includes seven schools acting as lead sponsor, nine as co-sponsor and a further 14 as educational partners. This type of involvement does not require the independent school to become an academy to be an academy sponsor.
	In addition, seven independent schools have converted to academy status:
	Belvedere Academy (capacity 810);Bristol Cathedral Choir Academy (capacity 650);Colston's Girls School (capacity 720);William Hulme's Grammar School (capacity 1,040);the Hereford Steiner Academy (capacity 314); Birkenhead High School Academy (capacity 998); andthe Duke of York's Royal Military School (capacity 500).
	There are then a further five independent schools that have become free schools:
	Batley Grammar School (capacity 700);Maharishi School (capacity 1801);Moorlands Free School (capacity 5042); Priors Free School (capacity 60); and Sandbach School (capacity 1,315).
	Collectively these will account for 7,791 new places in the state maintained sector.
	1 Maharishi is looking to expand from its current capacity of 86 to 135 (Sept. 2011) pupils in the first year, rising to 155 (Sept. 2012) in the second and 180 (Sept. 2013) in the third year. This expansion will take place in all years of the school.
	2 Moorlands currently have 287 pupils on their roll but are moving to larger premises in September 2013 and will have a final capacity of 504 pupils by the academic year of 2015-16.

Schools: Teachers

Lord Kennedy of Southwark: To ask Her Majesty's Government how many teachers were employed in each of the 32 London boroughs and the City of London in each year since 1995 up until the latest year for which records are available.

Lord Hill of Oareford: The following table provides the full-time equivalent number of regular teachers employed in publicly funded schools in each of the 32 London boroughs and the City of London in each year from January 1995 to November 2010, the latest information available.
	
		
			 Full-time equivalent regular teachers1 (excluding occasionals) in publicly funded schools 
			 Years: January 1995 to November 2010 
			 Coverage: London Region 
			  1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Jan 2010 Nov 2010 
			 England 399,540 399,730 399,180 397,660 401,160 405,780 411,340 420,770 425,030 429,590 434,220 438,420 439,280 441,080 442,600 447,990 435,360 
			 London 55,930 56,480 56,770 56,670 57,120 57,660 58,650 60,370 61,390 62,310 63,660 64,730 65,250 66,570 67,600 67,620 68,050 
			 Camden 1.420 1,470 1,500 1,480 1,440 1,340 1,430 1,570 1,450 1,420 1,480 1,520 1,560 1,410 1,410 1,470 1,460 
			 City of London 20 10 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 10 10 20 20 20 10 
			 Hackney 1,490 1,470 1,450 1,490 1,520 1,510 1,480 1,470 1,600 1,550 1,650 1,690 1,730 1,750 1,780 1,750 1,800 
			 Hammersmith and Fulham 990 950 930 920 930 1,000 1,000 1,010 1,060 1,120 1,140 1,110 1,100 1,110 1,040 1,030 1,170 
			 Haringey 1,820 1,880 1870 1,830 1,860 1,850 1,850 1,890 1,960 1.960 2,000 2,070 2,040 1,980 2,020 2,080 2,130 
			 Islington 1,430 1,440 1,420 1.410 1,330 1,350 1,300 1.460 1.380 1,440 1,440 1,450 1,450 1,470 1,480 1,500 1,410 
			 Kensington and Chelsea 680 670 680 670 680 650 660 670 720 690 690 700 700 700 700 740 710 
			 Lambeth 1.830 1,750 1,710 1,700 1,660 1,620 1,580 1,670 1,620 1,670 1,790 1,770 1,850 1,910 2,050 2,120 2,130 
			 Lewisham 1,910 1,890 1,870 1,870 1.810 1,970 2,060 2,160 2,130 2,100 2,090 2,080 2,110 2,200 2,260 2,140 1,850 
			 Newham 2,010 2,090 2.190 2,200 2,290 2,350 2,420 2,520 2,570 2,790 2,820 2,900 2,940 2,960 2,960 2,990 2.980 
			 Southwark 1,740 1,760 1,750 1,800 1,850 1.920 2,050 2,150 2,170 2,210 2,220 2,270 2,340 2,350 2,410 2,370 2,300 
			 Tower Hamlets 2,330 2,330 2,270 2,170 2,310 2,250 2,180 2,220 2,310 2,280 2,310 2,420 2,470 2,570 2,650 2,650 2,840 
			 Wandsworth 1,700 1,710 1,690 1,680 1,710 1,760 1,800 1,840 1,820 1,840 1,910 1,930 1,950 2,010 2,060 2,070 2,070 
			 Westminster 1,130 1,120 1,140 1,160 1,160 1,190 1,250 1,300 1,320 1,290 1,340 1,240 1,290 1,320 1,450 1,440 1,460 
			 Inner London 20,500 20,530 20,490 20,380 20,550 20,770 21,080 21,940 22,140 22,380 22,900 23,160 23,540 23,750 24,300 24,350 24,320 
			 Barking and Dagenham 1,420 1,460 1,450 1,420 1.450 1,470 1,480 1,510 1,570 1,680 1,650 1,700 1,730 1,810 1,830 1,870 2,030 
			 Barnet 2,690 2.800 2,770 2,730 2,720 2,710 2,740 2,820 2,850 2,800 2,880 2,930 2,840 3,060 3,190 3,230 3,320 
			 Bexley 1,830 1,800 1,860 1,870 1.940 1,920 2,030 2,160 2,130 2,170 2,150 2,260 2,270 2,300 2,260 2,250 2.140 
			 Brent 2,010 2,150 2,160 2,190 2.160 2,100 2.110 2,160 2,380 2.420 2,560 2,600 2,640 2,700 2.740 2,510 2,680 
			 Bromley 2,230 2,290 2.280 2,330 2.340 2,340 2,540 2,640 2,590 2,620 2,690 2,710 2,760 2,780 2.770 2,770 2,570 
			 Croydon 2,490 2,610 2,620 2,640 2,590 3,010 2.950 2,930 2,990 3,010 3,120 2,910 2.860 2,980 3,000 3,130 3,080 
			 Ealing 2,190 2,200 2,230 2,220 2,250 2,240 2,220 2,320 2,310 2,360 2,410 2,430 2,470 2.530 2,610 2,640 2,750 
			 Enfield 2,450 2,510 2,550 2,610 2,650 2,740 2,670 2,670 2,820 2,880 2,950 3,030 3.040 3,020 3,150 3,160 3,160 
			 Greenwich 2,070 2,060 2,070 2.010 2,030 2,040 2,030 2,080 2,140 2.190 2,260 2.380 2,400 2,540 2,420 2,320 2,350 
			 Harrow 1,600 1,590 1,580 1.500 1,490 1,380 1,490 1,500 1.550 1,560 1,590 1.640 1,680 1,750 1,770 1,820 1,820 
			 Havering 1,880 1,840 1,870 1,870 1,900 1,890 1,950 2,040 2,060 2,090 2,050 2,160 2,100 2,090 2,070 2,100 2,130 
			 Hillingdon 1,920 1,940 2,000 2,030 2,030 2,130 2,180 2,230 2,230 2,350 2,440 2,490 2,530 2,550 2,560 2,650 2,650 
			 Hounslow 1.920 1,970 2,000 1,940 1.980 1,950 2.020 2.010 2,010 2,120 2,160 2,190 2,170 2,260 2.280 2,210 2,200 
			 Kingston upon Thames 1,070 1,070 1,060 1,050 1,040 1,060 1,070 1,070 1,170 1,150 1,190 1,210 1,230 1,240 1,350 1,320 1,360 
			 Merton 1,310 1,260 1,210 1,170 1,190 1,150 1,210 1,210 1,240 1,180 1,260 1,270 1,260 1,360 1,310 1,270 1,340 
			 Redbridge 2,020 2,080 2,100 2,130 2,180 2,200 2,370 2,380 2.470 2,510 2,470 2,650 2.690 2,750 2,830 2,810 2.910 
			 Richmond upon Thames 1,060 1,070 1,070 1,070 1,060 1,030 1,040 1,090 1,100 1.050 1.060 1,100 1,040 1,090 1,100 1,160 1.100 
			 Sutton 1,370 1,400 1,390 1,420 1,450 1.480 1,530 1,590 1.710 1,700 1.750 1,730 1,800 1,850 1,850 1,920 1,900 
			 Waltham Forest 1,900 1,850 2,010 2,080 2,090 2,060 1,940 2,020 1,940 2,080 2,120 2,170 2,210 2,150 2,210 2,140 2,240 
			 Outer London 35,430 35.950 36,290 36,300 36,570 36,900 37,570 38,430 39,250 39,930 40,750 41,570 41,700 42.820 43,300 43,270 43,730 
		
	
	Source: 618g survey of teachers in service and teacher vacancies, School Census and School Workforce Census (November 2010).
	1 Regular teachers includes those on a contract of 28 days or more.
	Figures are rounded to the nearest 10.

Schools: Teaching Assistants

Lord Kennedy of Southwark: To ask Her Majesty's Government how many teaching assistants were employed in each of the 32 London boroughs and the City of London in each year since 1995 up until the latest year for which records are available.

Lord Hill of Oareford: The following table provides the full-time equivalent number of teaching assistants employed in publicly funded schools in each of the 32 London boroughs and the City of London in each year from January 1995 to 2010, the latest information available broken down by local authority area.
	
		
			 Full-time equivalent teaching assistants in publicly funded schools. 
			 Years: January 1995 to 2010 
			 Coverage: London local authorities and England 
			  1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 
			 England 50,820 56,070 60,600 65,560 69,630 79,050 95,020 105,440 121,270 132,240 147,250 153,510 163,800 176,990 183,700 194,230 
			 Camden 140 180 200 240 250 300 360 440 470 550 580 640 660 720 740 790 
			 City of London - - - - - - - - 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 
			 Hackney 190 190 210 250 290 380 420 490 530 610 690 730 890 880 810 770 
			 Hammersmith and Fulham 150 170 190 200 210 250 240 260 300 360 380 430 410 450 530 510 
			 Haringey 320 330 350 360 380 420 490 650 690 810 900 970 950 1,000 1,040 1,060 
			 Islington 210 240 250 250 270 350 360 350 480 520 560 620 680 680 750 730 
			 Kensington and Chelsea 100 130 130 140 140 170 210 220 260 270 300 280 330 360 380 410 
			 Lambeth 250 280 300 350 390 500 560 580 640 720 780 760 810 960 1,060 1,230 
			 Lewisham 210 250 280 290 320 410 570 470 570 630 680 750 850 970 1,020 1,100 
			 Newham 240 260 280 280 390 500 960 720 1,070 1,190 1,300 980 1,180 1,590 1,830 1,960 
			 Southwark 280 320 350 420 440 650 810 790 710 930 1,040 1,090 1,210 1,300 1,320 1,370 
			 Tower Hamlets 280 350 370 400 450 510 800 970 950 1,070 1,150 1,320 1,390 1,450 1,600 1,610 
			 Wandsworth 290 310 340 380 370 460 470 380 530 590 740 800 880 1,000 1,130 1,060 
			 Westminster 110 120 150 170 160 190 190 310 280 330 420 370 500 500 600 670 
			 Inner London 2,780 3,130 3,400 3,720 4,060 5,090 6,440 6,630 7,480 8,580 9,530 9,750 10,740 11,860 12,840 13,280 
			 Barking and Dagenham 230 260 300 290 310 320 400 500 510 560 540 560 570 620 660 710 
			 Barnet 260 310 290 340 400 480 550 740 720 850 990 1,080 1,170 1,270 1,350 1,460 
			 Bexley 140 170 200 230 280 310 380 320 560 570 620 600 690 700 770 840 
			 Brent 210 230 260 300 360 390 440 450 470 570 660 700 770 970 1,030 1,150 
			 Bromley 160 170 210 230 230 270 360 440 500 520 550 620 690 790 850 880 
			 Croydon 290 350 400 410 510 530 660 630 870 950 1,010 990 1,010 1,090 1,060 1,070 
			 Ealing 300 310 340 360 370 400 510 450 530 640 690 690 780 750 850 940 
			 Enfield 180 200 250 290 290 500 590 810 880 970 1,050 1,160 1,290 1,360 1,480 1,530 
			 Greenwich 240 320 360 400 430 510 650 650 730 750 820 940 880 1,080 1,080 1,030 
			 Harrow 220 240 270 270 290 300 300 330 430 480 540 550 680 750 800 810 
			 Havering 140 140 170 170 200 260 300 310 520 590 680 660 700 750 740 840 
			 Hillingdon 270 290 300 340 380 420 510 520 590 620 750 820 900 990 990 1,120 
			 Hounslow 250 270 280 280 290 330 380 400 400 550 580 680 650 720 830 850 
			 Kingston upon Thames 100 110 130 130 150 170 220 220 250 310 360 380 440 450 500 580 
			 Merton 160 170 190 200 220 240 290 250 300 370 530 460 580 650 710 790 
			 Redbridge 150 190 190 230 270 370 450 580 620 730 820 910 1,020 1,110 1,180 1,190 
			 Richmond upon Thames 80 90 100 110 110 130 160 210 220 250 330 350 390 410 420 470 
			 Sutton 120 140 160 170 210 230 260 340 310 360 430 360 460 570 560 630 
			 Waltham Forest 330 360 380 400 410 470 490 610 640 670 780 760 770 880 960 920 
			 Outer London 3,810 4,340 4,770 5,160 5,730 6,650 7,900 8,760 10,050 11,310 12,720 13,280 14,440 15,910 16,800 17,810 
			 London 6,590 7,470 8,170 8,870 9,800 11,750 14,348 15,390 17,530 19,890 22,250 23,030 25,180 27,770 29,640 31,090 
		
	
	Source: School Census.
	Figures are rounded to the nearest 10.
	- = Nil or negligible.

UK Border Agency: Staff

Lord Marlesford: To ask Her Majesty's Government what actions they will take with regard to the administration of the UK Border Agency following the conviction for criminal offences in connection with their official duties of 23 members of the agency staff since February 2006; and how many members or former members of the agency's staff are on trial or awaiting trial for criminal offences in connection with their official activities.

Lord Henley: We expect the highest levels of integrity from staff at the UK Border Agency. Any allegations of inappropriate activity are thoroughly investigated. The UK Border Agency has a wide range of measures in place for internal and external checks on the integrity and honesty of staff. There are six members or former members of the agency's staff on trial or awaiting trial.

UK Border Agency: Staff

Lord Marlesford: To ask Her Majesty's Government what are the nationality qualifications required for employment in the UK Border Agency; and whether they intend to continue the practice of employing former asylum seekers in the agency.

Lord Henley: In October 2004, elements of the nationality and immigration history checks were extended on the instruction of the then Permanent Secretary. Employment by the UK Border Agency is limited solely to British or Commonwealth Citizens or EEA nationals who have lived in the UK continuously for the past three years and who have no restriction on their stay in the United Kingdom.
	Anyone who applies for UK Border Agency (UKBA) vacancies would need to meet the relevant eligibility criteria in respect of the nationality and residency requirements as advertised and, in addition, would need to pass the selection process and appropriate level of security clearance required for the post.
	For posts within UKBA, candidates must be:
	a British citizen;a national of a state in the European Economic Area; ora Commonwealth citizen with no employment restriction or time limit on their stay in the UK.
	In addition, candidates should normally have lived in the UK continuously for the past three years before applying.
	Some posts are reserved (including immigration officers and assistant immigration officers) and are open only to UK nationals (under the terms of the 1996 Nationality Act, unless in a civil service post on or before 31 May 1996). These require candidates to be:
	a British citizen;a British subject under Part IV of the British Nationality Act 1981 having the right of abode in the UK; and/ora British Dependent Territories citizen acquiring citizenship from a connection with Gibraltar.
	In addition, candidates should normally have lived in the UK continuously for the past five years before applying.

UK Border Agency: Staff

Lord Marlesford: To ask Her Majesty's Government how many UK Border Agency staff based in the United Kingdom are non-British nationals; and how many hold passports of other countries in addition to their United Kingdom passports.

Lord Henley: Although the UK Border Agency checks the nationality of its employees before they join, the status is not recorded and there are no central records kept. We cannot therefore give a percentage for those working for the UK Border Agency who are non-British nationals or who hold passports of other countries in addition to their United Kingdom passport.

Visas

Lord Laird: To ask Her Majesty's Government how many students from India and Pakistan have been given visas to enter the United Kingdom to study in the past five years; and how many nationals of those countries have left the United Kingdom in the same period according to the International Passenger Survey of the Office for National Statistics.

Lord Henley: Student statistics from 2007 to September 2011 are shown in the following table:
	
		
			 Nationality Student visas issued Student visitor visas issued 
			 India 178,153 11,240 
			 Pakistan 84,796 1,147 
		
	
	The Office for National Statistics produces estimates of migration based upon the International Passenger Survey. The latest five-year period for which data are available is 2006 to 2010. The total estimated number of citizens of India and Pakistan who have migrated from the UK for this time period is 80,000 (standard error 6 per cent).